Unibersidad ng Pilipinas [University of the Philippines]. Abstract Expressionism in the Philippines developed in tandem with many post-World War II movements that grew out of a desire to remain current with international artistic trends. Despite the rise of abstract expressionist art in the Philippines, the Filipino audience was not very receptive to Abstract Expressionism. It perceived abstraction as failed mimetic representation, and the public attitude towards abstract art was characterized by indifference or outright antagonism, even during the s as the Philippine art market began to open up to abstraction.
However, while abstraction was regarded as purely decorative in some circles, it was seen as cerebral in others. In examining intersections between modern-contemporary expression and pre-colonial visual languages, some critics have argued that abstraction demonstrates affinities with forms present in textile and mat weaving from both Northern and Southern upland and riverine ethnolinguistic communities, as well as in the architecture, dress patterns, metal work and woodcraft of Muslim and Lumad communities in Mindanao.
Other key artist-art-educators from the Philippines include Florencio Concepcion and Constancio Bernardo. Fernando Zobel was a much earlier artist-art-educator who similarly brought the influence of Western Abstract Expressionism to the Philippines where he returned shortly after graduating from Harvard University in However, before migrating to Spain, he bequeathed his seminal collection of early Philippine modernist art to the Ateneo Art Gallery and nurtured a progeny of modernist advocate-critics including Emmanuel Torres and Leonidas Benesa.
Substantial anthropological and cultural scholarship has critically examined whether global pockets of Abstract Expressionism are merely derivative of American Abstract Expressionism. These critical accounts have pointed out that Abstract Expressionism has become enfolded into a canon of art history subjecting it to accounts of one-way transfer from the West to other parts of the world. It is this assertion, encumbered with the postcolonial thrust to establish national identity, which appears to have persuaded artists including Joya to modify their approach to abstraction.
However, prominent Western abstract expressionist artists have expressed a debt to Asian calligraphic scroll painting, though arguably in a mitigated sense. More than any other group in Japan, the Gutai artists considered and engaged with Abstract Expressionism, particularly the works of Jackson Pollock. Just as the Japanese artistic Diaspora had infused Abstract Expressionism with their alterity in New York, American Expressionism made appearances in Japan through Gutai artists, whose derivative abstract-expressionist paintings constituted the rebellions of a younger generation of artists against a society responsible for the destruction that occurred during the war.
The post-war Japanese assimilation of Western institutions and values is often described as a knee-jerk reaction against Japanese militarism and a means of expressing the freedom of the newly embraced democratic reforms. An international offshoot of the American post-World War II graphic art movement, Japanese Abstract Expressionism developed into a globally pervasive force throughout the s. Abstract Expressionism has also been identified as a politically motivated articulation of American identity in the Post-World War II world.
In this sense the radical native Gutai and Japanese influence on Abstract Expressionism in the United States was regarded as evidence of the imperialistic success of the American way in the Asia-Pacific region.
Anfam, D. Auping, M. Baldovino, D. With form, color and line, the artist is free to express his inner feelings, without relating them to the memory of the outside world. These elements of the composition must have a unity and harmony, just like a musical work.
He wrote books, as in , on the spiritual in art, in which he sought to point out symbolic correspondences between the inner impulses and the language of shapes and colors, and in , from the point and the line to the surface, a more technical explanation of the construction and inventiveness of your art.
A German painter, passionate about the art of primitive people, children and the mentally ill, Marc chose animal studies as his favorite themes, met Kandinsky, under the influence of him, convinced himself that the essence of beings is revealed in abstraction. Tachisme appeared in the post-World War II period, in Europe, with the intention of breaking with previous models of art.
Formed by spots created impulsively with all the freedom or emotional effusion of the artist. Lyrical Tachismo shows luminous, transparent and spontaneous tones. Dramatic Tachism has dark, serious, passionate tones. It is possible to imagine, when looking at the painting, the movements that the artists made. An important artist who represents this type of painting is Hans Hartung.
This type of abstraction is also called informal abstraction, in the sense that it does not have a defined shape. The raw material used for the painting was also explored.
Some artists gave more priority to gesture and others to research the material, creating textures, layers and using new materials. He went in search of new art forms and found what he called raw art: made by people who are not part of the artistic environment, who do not have cultural and historical references about art and seek ideas and themes within themselves, such as children, crazy and lonely people.
It is the geometric abstract art that had a lot of influence from the cubist and futurist movements. This is due to the use of geometric shapes and with a more rational and hard feature in the representations. Therefore, the lines and colors are organized in a way that results in a mostly geometric composition. As this aspect emerged shortly after the formal discoveries of cubism, it had several currents, some that deserve to be highlighted.
Dutch pioneer of abstract art, who developed from the beginning of the landscape to abstract geometric works of the most rigorous type. His canvases were painted from pure, vivid colors and straight lines. It was not by chance that the patterns of the painting were always regular, precise and stable. He moved to New York in , where he began to develop a more colorful style, with colored lines. Lee Krasner tore up old drawings and paintings and used them as collage material for new work, while Helen Frankenthaler poured heavily diluted acrylic paint from above onto raw canvas on the floor, letting it slowly seep into the weave of the canvas in pools of vivid color.
These included Mark Rothko, who deliberately left broad, wide brush strokes visible in his work to emphasize their brooding and painfully emotional content, and Clyfford Still, who painted with textural streaks and jagged shards of color. Another defining feature of Abstract Expressionist painting was its huge scale. In contrast with earlier European abstraction which was often relatively small, Abstract Expressionists expanded out into huge and unprecedented scales, making work that was like nothing anyone had seen before.
These huge formats gave their work a greater intensity and theatrical impact, but they also demonstrated the sheer, exhaustive energy that went into their making.
Again, Pollock led the way — his commission for Peggy Guggenheim simply titled Mural, , is a whopping 20 feet wide and 8 feet tall. Since the early 20 th century, abstract art has taken a variety of media, from collage to construction and painting, while the Abstract Expressionist movement was predominantly focused on painting. Within the limited confines of this one medium they were daring, experimental and adventurous, pioneering a wide range of new approaches that continue to influence artists today.
By the s, the face of Abstract Expressionism was beginning to change. The Washington Color School grew out of their ideas, led by Kenneth Noland, Morris Louis and the sculptor Anne Truitt — these artists erased the painterly expressionism of their predecessors and focused purely on the emotive possibilities of vibrant, glowing color combinations in abstract, geometric arrangements.
Minimalism in turn emerged from these ideas throughout the s and beyond, reducing abstraction into ever more simplified and geometric languages, with an emphasis on spirituality and the sublime aura of clean purity. Pablo Picasso — Dame Barbara Hepworth — David Bomberg — Naum Gabo — Ben Nicholson OM — Mark Rothko — Howard Hodgkin — Explore this term Left Right. Optimistic abstraction: Charline von Heyl at Tate Liverpool Gavin Delahunty The curator of the forthcoming exhibition by the German abstract painter introduces her work, and a fellow artist pays homage.
Abstract Connections conference audio recordings Audio recordings of Abstract Connections conference, held in conjunction with two major exhibitions, Van Doesburg and the International Avant-Garde: Constructing …. Tate Papers. Related Movements Left Right. Cubism Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around —08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
Suprematism Name given by the Russian artist Kasimir Malevich to the abstract art he developed from characterised by basic geometric …. Constructivism Constructivism was a particularly austere branch of abstract art founded by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko in Russia around Rayonism An early form of abstract art characterised by interacting linear forms derived from rays of light.
Simultanism Term invented by artist Robert Delaunay to describe the abstract painting developed by him and his wife Sonia Delaunay from …. Tachisme Term used to describe the non-geometric abstract art that developed in Europe in the s and s characterized by spontaneous …. Neo-plasticism Neo-plasticism is a term adopted by the Dutch pioneer of abstract art, Piet Mondrian, for his own type of abstract …. Concrete art Concrete art is abstract art that is entirely free of any basis in observed reality and that has no symbolic ….
Objective abstraction The term objective abstraction refers to a non-geometric style of abstract art developed by a group of British artists in …. Abstract expressionism Abstract expressionism is the term applied to new forms of abstract art developed by American painters such as Jackson Pollock, ….
Minimalism Minimalism is an extreme form of abstract art developed in the USA in the s and typified by artworks composed …. Post-painterly abstraction Post-painterly abstraction is a blanket term covering a range of new developments in abstract painting in the late s and …. Op art Op art was a major development of painting in the s that used geometric forms to create optical effects. Non-objective art Non-objective art defines a type of abstract art that is usually, but not always, geometric and aims to convey a ….
Art informel Art informel is a French term describing a swathe of approaches to abstract painting in the s and s which …. Art autre Also known as art informel, art autre translates as 'art of another kind' and was used to describe the dominant ….
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