Neptune gives his promise, but says that one life must be lost so that the others shall be safe. The seas are calmed as Neptune rides over them, attended by his retinue. During the night the god Sleep comed to Palinurus, disguised as Phorbas, and urges him to rest from his vigil.
Palinurus refuses, and Sleep casts him into the sea. When the loss of the helmsman is discovered; Aeneas takes over the control of the ship and in deep sorrow speaks his farewell to Palinurus. He gazes in admiration at the pictures on the temple doors, and is called into the temple by the Sibyl. He does do, asking to be allowed to enter into the kingdom granted to him by fare, and promising a temple and a festival to the god and a special shrine for the Sibyl.
The Sibyl describes the formidable nature of the journey, and states the two prerequisites: the acquisition of the golden bough and the expiation of pollution incurred by the death of one of Aeneas' companions. He sets about organising funeral rites for Misenus.
At the entrance Aeneas and the Sibyl are confronted by various horrible shapes of personified forms of suffering, and a host of monstrous and unnatural creatures of mythology. The shades flock to the river, and Charon ferries across those who have been buried, leaving the others to wait for a hundred years.
Palinurus begs for burial, or to be taken across the Styx although unburied, but the Sibyl replies that this is impossible. She consoles him by telling him that the cape where he died will bear his name for ever. Here are the souls of infants, the unjustly condemned, suicides and those who died from unhappy love.
Here they meet the shade of Dido; Aeneas speaks to her in tones of deep affetion and remorse , but she turns from him without a word. In grief and remorse Aeneas asks what happened, explaining that he was not able to find Deiphobus' body for burial.
Deiphobus replies that Helen, his wife, had betrayed him to the vengeance of Menelaus and Odysseus; in his turn he asks Aeneas for his story. The Sibyl interrupts to hasten Aeneas in and Deiphobus retires to his place among the shades, wishing Aeneas better fortune for his future. The Sibyl tells Aeneas that he may not enter; she describes to him the sinners and their punishments. They are directed to Anchises. Father and son welcome each other. Anchises explains that they are waiting for rebirth, and gives an account of the soul's relationship with the body, and what happens to it after death.
Aeneas enquires about a sad figure accompanying him, and is told that this is the young Marcellus, destined to an early death. Aeneas and the Sibyl leave by the ivory gate, and Aeneas rejoins his fleet and sails north to Caieta. Iulus exlacims "We are eating our tables," and A.
He makes appropriate sacrifices and Jupiter thunders in confirmation of the omen. Ilioneus answers that fate has brought them to Italy, and offers gifts. The fiend hurls one of her snakes at Queen Amata. Amata, after appealing in vain to Latinus not to give his daughter in marriage to Aeneas, becomes frenzied, and pretending to be filled by Bacchic inspiration she causes the women of the city to follow her.
He replies confidently and contemptuously that he is fully aware of what to do and needs no advice from old women. At this Allecto hurls twin snakes at him and rouses him to a mad desire for war.
Iulus himself, unaware that it is a pet, shoots it. The Latin herdsmen gather in anger for revenge. Allecto reports to Juno that her mission is completed; Junto contemptuously orders her back to the underworld. He refuses to open the Gates of War and Juno does so in his stead. The Latins arm themselves and prepare for battle. The Italian Catalogue: Mezentius, with his son Lausus, if first in the list, followed by many other heroes from Italy.
Aeneas is troubled at the turn of events, but a vision of the River-God Tiberinus appears to him, assuring him that he has reached his goal, and urging him to seek help from Evander. He sees the omen of the white sow and rowing peacefully up the Tiber reaches Pallanteum, Evander's little settlement on the future site of Rome. Pallas challenges them, and Aeneas replies that they are Trojans. They are welcomed, and Aeneas tells Evander that in the name of their common ancestry he asks for help against Turnus.
Evander remembers meeting Anchises and promises help; they feast together. One day when Hercules was returning from one of his labors in Spain with the cattle of Geryon, Cacus stole some of them and hid them in his cave.
Hercules discovered them, and after a mighty battle with the fire-breathing monster killed him and delivered the people from their fear. Since then Hercules has been honored on his annual festival at the Ara Maxima.
Evander next tells Aeneas of the early history of Latium, and the golden age under Saturn, and takes him on a tour of his little city, showing him places destined to be famous in Roman history.
Within his workshop beneath the earth the Cyclops set to the task. Evander tells Aeneas about the tyrannical deeds of Mezentius which led to his exile from Caere and his alliance with Turnus in war against the Etruscans. An oracle required a foreign leader for the Etruscans in this war, and Evander asks Aeneas to undertake this with the assistance of his son Pallas. A sign from heaven is given, and Aeneas agrees to do so; arrangements are made for him to set out to meet Tarchon with his Etruscan forces.
Evander says goodbye to Pallas, beseeching the gods for his safety; in a splendid array they set off and join Tarchon. The pictures on the shield are described, scenes from early Roman history around the outside, and in the center the battle of Actium and Augustus' triumph over the forces of the East. Aeneas takes up on his shoulder the pictured destiny of his people.
Turnus accepts the divine call to arms. The Trojans, in accordance with Aeneas' instructions, stay within their camp, and Turnus, wild for blood like a wolf at a sheep-fold, prepares to set fire to the Trojan fleet. They will find the Rutulians more formidable enemies than the Greeks. He urges his men to get ready for battle; they place sentries, and the Trojans for their part prepare defences.
They seek an audience with the Trojan leaders, and present their plan. Aletes and Ascanius accept it with great gratitude and admiration, offering lavish rewards. Euryalus asks that in the event of his death his aged mother should be cared for; Ascanius promises that this shall be so. The two warriors arm for their exploit. As they start off on their journey to Aeneas, the light flashing on the helmet which Euryalus has taken as part of the spoils reveals their presence to a band of Latin cavalry.
Nisus gets away, but Euryalus is caught; Nisus returns but cannot save his friend; when Euryalus is killed by Volcens Nisus rushes in to exact vengeance, kills Volcens and himself meets his death. Next day they march forth to battle, carrying the heads of Nisus and Euryalus impaled upon spears. Euryalus' mother learns the truth and laments her young son. Vergil invokes the Muse to tell of the slaughter dealt by Turnus; he kills Helenor and Lycus and in the general fighting many fall on both sides.
Apollo appears to Ascanius and prophesies a glorious future, but warns him that from now on he must keep out of the fighting until he is grown up. He kills Bitias; Pandarus shuts the gates again, but Turnus is inside. Pandarus challenges Turnus with a taunt, and Turnus kills him. Turnus could now have opened the gates again and let in the rest of his army, but he is intenet on personal triumphs, and kills many Trojans. At last they rally, led by Mnestheus, and Turnus is compelled to give way.
He plunges into the Tiber and rejoins his army. Juno angrily replies, maintaining that the Trojan disasters have not been caused by her, and that any assitance she may give to the Rutulians is justified. One of them, Cymodocea, tells him of Turnus' attack on his camp, and warns him to be ready for battle. Aeneas, with a prayer to Cybele, prepares for action.
Light flashes from his armor, like a comet or Sirius, but Turnus is not dismayed and urges his troops to be ready for battle. Elsewhere however the Italians are successful, and the struggle is equally poised. Lausus then moves to attack Pallas, but fate prevents their meeting. Pallas is killed and Turnus strip off his sword-belt as spoils of battle. The poet reflects that a day will come when he will bitterly regret this deed. She makes a phantom of Aeneas: Turnus pursues it to a ship, and Juno then sets the ship loose.
Turnus, bitterly chafing at his enforced absece from the batlle, is carried away to his home at Ardea. Everything you need for every book you read.
The way the content is organized and presented is seamlessly smooth, innovative, and comprehensive. Themes and Colors. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Aeneid , which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Related Themes from Other Texts. Compare and contrast themes from other texts to this theme…. Find Related Themes. How often theme appears:. Book 1. Book 2. Book 3. Book 4. Book 5. Book 6. Book 7. Book 8. Book 9. Book Book 1 Quotes. Wars and a man I sing.
Related Characters: Virgil speaker. Related Themes: Fate. Page Number and Citation : 1. Explanation and Analysis:. Book 3 Quotes. Search for your ancient mother. There your house, the line of Aeneas, will rule all parts of the world. Related Characters: Apollo speaker. She is also referred to as Cytherea, after Cythera, the island where she was born and where her shrine is located. The king of the gods, and the son of Saturn.
God of the sea, and generally an ally of Venus and Aeneas. Neptune Poseidon in Greek mythology calms the storm that opens the epic and conducts Aeneas safely on the last leg of his voyage. The messenger god. The other gods often send Mercury Hermes in Greek mythology on errands to Aeneas. A son of Venus and the god of erotic desire. God of fire and the forge, and husband of Venus.
Venus urges Vulcan Hephaestus in Greek mythology to craft a superior set of arms for Aeneas, and the gift serves Aeneas well in his battle with Turnus. The river god associated with the Tiber River, where Rome will eventually be built.
The father of the gods. Saturn Chronos in Greek mythology was king of Olympus until his son Jupiter overthrew him. The goddess who protects the Greeks during the Trojan War and helps them conquer Troy. A son of Jupiter and god of the sun. Apollo was born at Delos and helps the Trojans in their voyage when they stop there.
Because he is often portrayed as an archer, many characters invoke his name before they fire a shaft in battle. The greatest of the Greek warriors. Achilles slew the Trojan hero Hector during the war and is the tragic hero of the Iliad.
The greatest of the Trojan warriors, killed at Troy. Hector is in some ways a parallel figure to Turnus, who also defends his native city to the death.
A Trojan prince, son of Priam and Hecuba, and brother of Hector. The handsomest of men, Paris is asked to judge which goddess is most beautiful: Venus, Juno, or Minerva. Venus promises him Helen as his wife in exchange for his judgment, so Paris selects Venus.
This selection inspires the permanent wrath of Juno against the Trojans. The most beautiful of mortal women and wife of Menelaus. A Greek king who wed Helen and made a pact with her other suitors to fight anyone who tried to steal her.
When Paris took Helen, the pact was invoked and the Trojan War began. The leader of the Greek army at Troy, and the king of Argos, a city in Greece. Upon his return from the war, Agamemnon is killed by his adulterous wife, Clytemnestra.
The king of Troy. The son of Achilles.
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