Pain, stress, exercise, a low blood sugar level, and certain disorders of the heart, thyroid gland, kidneys, or adrenal glands can stimulate the release of vasopressin from the pituitary gland.
The following are some of the drugs that stimulate the release of vasopressin or enhance its action at the kidney:. Aspirin , ibuprofen , and many other nonprescription pain relievers analgesics. A frequent cause of hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone SIADH The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone develops when too much antidiuretic hormone vasopressin is released by the pituitary gland under certain inappropriate conditions Addison disease Addison Disease In Addison disease, the adrenal glands are underactive, resulting in a deficiency of adrenal hormones.
Addison disease may be caused by an autoimmune reaction, cancer, an infection, or some Brain disorders such as head injury Overview of Head Injuries Head injuries that involve the brain are particularly concerning. Common causes of head injuries include falls, motor vehicle crashes, assaults, and mishaps during sports and recreational activities Cirrhosis Cirrhosis of the Liver Cirrhosis is the widespread distortion of the liver's internal structure that occurs when a large amount of normal liver tissue is permanently replaced with nonfunctioning scar tissue.
Drugs such as barbiturates, carbamazepine , chlorpropamide , clofibrate, diuretics most common , opioids, tolbutamide , and vincristine.
Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is underactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to inadequate production of thyroid hormones and a slowing of vital body functions. Facial expressions become dull, the voice Pancreatitis Overview of Pancreatitis Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a leaf-shaped organ about 5 inches about 13 centimeters long. It is surrounded by the lower edge of the stomach and the first Peritonitis Peritonitis Abdominal pain is common and often minor.
Severe abdominal pain that comes on quickly, however, almost always indicates a significant problem. The pain may be the only sign of the need for surgery Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone SIADH The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone develops when too much antidiuretic hormone vasopressin is released by the pituitary gland under certain inappropriate conditions The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in the sodium level in blood.
Therefore, symptoms of brain dysfunction, such as sluggishness lethargy and confusion, occur first. If the sodium level in blood falls quickly, symptoms tend to develop rapidly and be more severe.
Hyponatremia means that the sodium level in the blood is below normal. Your body needs sodium for fluid balance, blood pressure control, as well as the nerves and muscles. When the sodium level in your blood is too low, extra water goes into your cells and makes them swell. This swelling can be dangerous especially in the brain, since the brain cannot expand past the skull. A low sodium level in your blood may be caused by too much water or fluid in the body.
This "watering down" effect makes the amount of sodium seem low. In: Conn's Current Therapy Merck Manual Professional Version. Kengne FG, et al. Hyponatremia and the brain. Kidney International Reports. National Kidney Foundation. Nippoldt TB expert opinion.
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. April 18, Related Low blood sodium in older adults: A concern? Learn about the symptoms, causes, and risk factors…. What are the symptoms of low sodium levels?
Medically reviewed by Gerhard Whitworth, R. Share on Pinterest Hyponatremia can cause fatigue and headaches. What are the causes? Risk factors. Share on Pinterest Some medications may increase the risk of hyponatremia. Diagnosis and when to see a doctor. Share on Pinterest Sports drinks containing electrolytes can help prevent low blood sodium levels after intense exercise.
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